Автор работы: Пользователь скрыл имя, 05 Апреля 2012 в 11:56, автореферат
The present paper aims at tourism in Russia. Tourism as a phenomenon of social, economic and spatial has a long and rich history dating back to antiquity. Allocated mostly to the following periods:
1. Travel to the end of the XVIII century - the background of tourism.
a) tourism in antiquity;
b) Tourism in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance;
c) Tourism in the XVII and XVIII centuries.
Russian Plekhanov University of Economics
International Economic Relations Faculty
Foreign Languages and Cross-cultural Communications Department
Diploma Paper Abstract
Integration of tourist business of Russia and the European countries
Group: 855
Research Supervisor:
Prof. Borisova M.A.
Moscow 2011
The present paper
aims at tourism in Russia. Tourism as a phenomenon of social, economic and spatial has a long
and rich history dating back to antiquity. Allocated
mostly to the following periods:
1. Travel
to the end of the XVIII century - the background of tourism.
a) tourism in antiquity;
b) Tourism in the Middle
Ages and the Renaissance;
c) Tourism in the XVII
and XVIII centuries.
2. Tourism
beginning of XIX - early XX centuries. -
Upmarket tourism; emergence of specialized facilities for the production
of tourist services.
3. Tourism
beginning of XX centuries. -
Before the Second World War - the beginning of the formation of social
tourism.
4. Tourism
after the Second World War - the modern stage - mass tourism, development
of tourism industry as an interdisciplinary complex to produce goods
and services for tourism.
It is important to realize Russian
Federation, despite its high potential for tourism, is insignificant
in the global tourism market. It
accounts for about 1 percent of world tourist flow. Russia
still occupies a modest position in the international tourist exchanges,
although the second half of the 90 years of the twentieth century was
marked by the growth of positive trends. They
apply to both inbound and outbound tourism.
Estimated the WTO, the
potential of Russia allow for an appropriate level of development of
tourism infrastructure to take up to 40 million foreign tourists a year.However,
today the number of arriving foreign visitors to Russia c business,
tourism and private purposes is 9.4 million, which does not comply with
its tourism potential.
Development of inbound
tourism in the Russian Federation to promote the highest purchasing
power of foreign currencies, the presence of untapped markets and the
broad scope of capital investment, attracting companies from abroad
and, consequently, business travel, ensuring freedom of movement for
most of the country (the Far East, Sakhalin, Kuril Islands, the Urals, northern Russia, as well as Nizhny Novgorod),
where the first visit of foreigners have been banned The
top position in a rating of the most popular directions is occupied
with Egypt.
The country has fixed the success of half-year-2009 when it has bypassed for the first time Turkey - and on absolute figures, and on dynamics in percentage. For first six months of this year in Egypt has had a rest 1140, 6 thousand Russians that on 65,4 % more than for the same period of 2009. Turkey has accepted 923, 6 thousand our tourists, having shown growth of 43,7 %. Egypt on dynamics of growth has now taken of the third position, and Turkey has shown only the fifteenth result, having conceded even to such "noncompetitive" direction, as the Netherlands.
And Egypt last three years in times increases "step" of the clients won back at Turkey. For example, for the first half of the year in 2008 country of pyramids Turkey has accepted on 39,5 thousand Russian tourists less, than. Following the results of six months 2009 Egypt has already bypassed the basic competitor on 47 thousand And for half a year 2010 has sharply increased a separation, having accepted on 217 thousand Russians more than Turkey for the same period.
As a whole about the country the material base of tourism — first of all tourist means of placing — is characterized by high degree of moral and physical deterioration, 75—80 % of tourist objects of placing need modernization and major repairs. The hotel economy of the country differs sharp rupture between Moscow, St.-Petersburg and Krasnodar territory where the infrastructure of placing of tourists is in rather good condition, on the one hand, and other territory of the country — with another.
Thus, before crisis of 2008 growth of statistics of tourism is marked. In the country are created new and placing means are reconstructed, national hotel operators are created.
The method is based on the idea that Russia has huge potential both for development of internal tourism, and for reception of foreign travelers. It has all necessary - the huge territory, rich historical and a cultural heritage, and in separate regions - the untouched, wild nature.
The territory of Russia is stretched from the West to the east on 10 тыс km and almost on 3 тыс km from northern Arctic widths to the southern subtropical. A variety of landscapes allows to develop set of kinds of tourism. Russia has resorts on southern Black and northern Baltiysk the seas that does its suitable for beach rest, treatment and improvement on the sea. The Far North gives chance to observe the polar lights and to go to ethnic rounds to northern people, and also to participate in a safari on deer on tundra.
Woods of the central Russia, foothills of Caucasus, a taiga of Siberia and the Far East are full of animals and birds that involves fans of the hunting rounds. In Russia there are enough places with the untouched, wild nature that creates perfect conditions for carrying out of ecological rounds. Unlike many European countries, traveling on open spaces of Russia, the tourist can not meet people for long time. In Siberia for some hours' journey on the highway laid directly in wood, it is possible not to meet any car! But it is not excluded that it will be possible to notice few times among trees of a brown bear. In the Astrakhan region during a transfer to a fishing place in delta of Volga the huntsman will show a flamingo, pelicans and other rare birds. Horse campaigns on fairy land - to Altai will not leave indifferent anybody from fans of the nature.
Much has been said and written about еhe tourist market of Russia substantially differs from the European.
First, it depends on duration of existence of the market of tourism. In Europe it is 50 years while our market is active no more than 15 years. The European tourists are three times more skilled ours.
The second important factor development of the market of tourism, is development of the market low-cost transportations, and also possibility of airlines to fly practically in any direction. In Russia there are rigid restrictions in sphere of passenger transportations and monopolism of some carriers, disturbing to tourist's branch development.
The third element – a method of payment: the European makes 90 % of purchases by means of a bank card. It is enough to name card number – and the trip is completely paid, in default the penalty also remove from a card. Further go: trust of the consumer to a brand and to the Internet. For example, in Britain purchases through the Internet enjoy high trust of citizens, in Germany – to a lesser degree, and in Spain trust level to them more low, than in Russia.
If in details to consider basic elements of interaction of tour operator and tourist agency: contractual relations, the commission policy, support in area of training, marketing and advertizing, legal support too there are differences.
The study reflects opinions of well-known Russian such as Vavilova E.V, . Kolova I.A, Zubanova S.A, Malinov I.V, . Ovcharov A.O
Inbound and domestic tourism i
Today, Russia develops the
following types of tourism:
¾ Ski Tours
¾ Business Tourism (Business T
¾ Children and youth travel
¾ Cruise tourism
¾ Cultural and educational tourism
¾ Pilgrim tourism
¾ Beach tourism
¾ Wellness (Health) Tourism
¾ fishing and
hunting tours
¾ Rural Tourism
¾ Event and gastronomic touris
¾ sports and adventure
tourism
¾ Ecotourism
Development of
different types of domestic
tourism in Russia is
based on the
use of tourist resources.
From the study it can be inferred that large operators in the market and the market is more structured, the saturated distribution turns out. Most likely, the Russian tourist market the next three years will go by the way of Germany and France with a parity of own sales and independent agencies approximately 50 on 50. If we choose the Scandinavian model purchases through the Internet and in the market upwards will go, eventually, remains no more than three operators ».
Thus, the tourist market of Russia and Europe substantially differs in the size, development indicators, schemes of work of participants of the market.
Bibliography
2005г.
Информация о работе Integration of tourist business of Russia and the European countries