The scientific-technical sphere in Russia

Over the last ten years, the system of higher education has undergone considerable change in the following areas:
 Goals - with an orientation towards the needs of the market, society, and individuals;
 Structure - decentralization (in contrast to Soviet centralized planning);
 Autonomy of higher educational institutions - introduction of private higher education; four- and two-year programs in parallel with the traditional five-year program; elimination of a bias towards engineering specialties;