Автор работы: Пользователь скрыл имя, 21 Февраля 2013 в 16:42, курсовая работа
According to N.M. Rayevska [1, p291], lexicography is the theory and practice of compiling dictionaries. Modern English lexicography appeared in the 15 th century. In this period English-Latin dictionaries were in existence. The first explanatory dictionary of the English language was published in 1755 by Samuel Johnson, in which he gave the origin of words and example from the works of the best writers
Introduction……………………………………………………………………...3
1.Bilingual dictionaries:general characteristics……………………………........6
2.The main problems in bilingual lexicography.……………………………….…
2.1.The choice of equivalents……………………………………………………
2.2. The meaning discrimination………………………………………………….
3.The semantic characteristics of the word in bilingual electronic dictionary Multitran”
Summary and Conclusions…………………………………………………..…
References...……………………………………………………………………
Appendix .Entries beginning with the letter Y-subject to analysis……………
Automobile industry 3 Metallurgy 13
Aviation 2 Meteorology 1
Aviation medicine 2 Microelectronics 5
Banking 3 Military 18
Biochemistry 4 Mineralogy 3
Biology 288 Naval 1
Botanical term 82 Network technologies 1
Business 10 New Zealand 1
Caspian 1 Oil 13
Chemistry 90 Ornithology 3
Cinema 5 Paint work 1
Colloquial 6 Perfume 5
Construction 27 Pharmacology 5
Diplomatic term 5 Pharmacy 1
EBRD 1 Photo 1
Ecology 1 Phytophathology 1
Economy 1 Plastics 1
Electronics 1 Politics 2
Engineering 52 Polygraphy 10
Entomology 82 Polymers 23
Fisheries 1 Publishing 1
Fishery 6 Railway term 1
Food industry 17 Religion 3
Football 3 Road traffic 1
Forestry 13 Sakhalin 2
Galvanic 2 SAP tech. 1
Gastronomy 4 Security 3
General subject 92 Set phrase 1
Geography 4 Silicates 8
Geology 36 Sports 2
Geophysics 5 Taboo 12
Gold mining 1 Veterinary medicine 2
Ichthyology 3 Virology 1
Jargon 22 Winemaking 3
Zoology 5 Information technology 6
The transcription is given for almost all the words, for example: yelp [jɛlp], yield [jiːld], yes [jɛs], yule [juːl], yokel [ˈjəʊkəl] ,yclept [ɪˈklɛpt] and other words.
Multitran dictionary tell you which syllable is stressed. The most popular system is to put a vertical line (ˈ) before the stressed syllable in the phonetic transcription of the word. For example, the transcription for yclept /[ɪˈklɛpt] /.
If a word has only one syllable (for example: yes, yelp), the syllable is always stressed. Dictionaries usually do not put the ˈ stress mark before the only syllable. So they don't write /ˈ jɛs / — they simply write / jɛs/.
All stylistic labels and terms of different subjects are italicized and marked by blue colour like:
gener. ,amer.colloq., jarg.,archit.,boil and others.If you want to know more words which are for example connected with amer., jarg.for word yellow.You need to click the stylistic label amer.,jarg for this word and you eill see the following tab:
Terms for subject American (17985 entries)
Subject list
yellow мулатка
yellow квартеронкаrr
yellow
негритянка со светлой кожей
yellow светлокожий
yellow alert "жёлтая" боевая готовность
yellow cab такси
yellow discharge увольнение из армии
yellow dog подлый человек
yellow dog трус
yellow jacket оса
Yellow Pages жёлтый справочник
yellow shell зажигательный снаряд
yellow ticket приказ об увольнении
yellow ticket увольнение из армии
yellow-back золотой сертификат
yellow-dog антирабочий
yellow-dog contract обязательство рабочего о невступлении в профсоюз
yellow-dog fund деньги, используемые для подкупа
yellow-tag feed комбикорм с жёлтой биркой
yen-shee опиум
The English entries and Russian equivalents are also marked by blue colour.