Контрольная работа по "Уголовному праву"

Автор работы: Пользователь скрыл имя, 14 Октября 2011 в 19:04, контрольная работа

Краткое описание

Для признания рецидива особо опасным необходимо осуждение лица к реальному лишению свободы и за новое, и за ранее совершенные преступления. При этом лицо признается осуждавшимся к реальному лишению свободы за ранее совершенное преступление и в случае применения условного осуждения либо отсрочки отбывания наказания, если последние отменялись и лицо направлялось для отбывания наказания в места лишения свободы7.

Содержание работы

1. Понятие и виды единичного преступления 3
2. Понятие и формы множественности. Отграничение множественности
от сложного единичного преступления 7
3. Понятие и виды совокупности преступлений 9
4. Понятие рецидива. Виды рецидива 12 5. Задачи
5.1. Задача 1 15
5.2. Задача 2 16
5.3. Задача 3 17
Список использованной литературы

Содержимое работы - 1 файл

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                 Содержание

1. Понятие и виды единичного преступления                                                      3

2. Понятие и формы множественности. Отграничение множественности

от сложного единичного преступления                                                               7

3. Понятие и виды совокупности преступлений                                                  9

4. Понятие рецидива. Виды рецидива                                                        12       5. Задачи

    5.1. Задача 1                                                                                                        15

    5.2. Задача 2                                                                                                        16

    5.3. Задача 3                                                                                                        17

Список  использованной литературы                                                                   20 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

     
  1. Понятие и виды единичного преступления
 

     В некоторых случаях лицо совершает  не одно, а два и более преступления                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        – это должно как-то отражаться на квалификации преступления и на назначении наказания.

     Поэтому, прежде чем давать понятие множественности  преступлений, следует разобраться  с единичным преступлением, бывает иногда трудно отличить: совершено  ли лицом одно преступление или деяние или в деяниях лица два преступления и более.

     Единичным преступлением признается такое  деяние, которое содержит состав одного преступления и квалифицируется  по одной статье, или ее части.

     Такое деяние может осуществляться как  одним действием (бездействием), так и системой действий; а также может повлечь одно последствие или несколько. Но в то же время – это будет единичное преступление. По своей законодательной конструкции все единичные преступления делятся на простые и сложные.

     Простые единичные – такие преступления, когда посягают на один объект; совершаются одним деянием, с одной формой вины. К простым можно отнести такие преступления как простое убийство (ст.105 ч.1), кража (ч.1 ст. 158). Простое единое преступление охватывается признаками одного состава преступления и квалифицируется по одной статье или части статьи Особенной части УК. На практике такие преступления не вызывают трудностей при квалификации.

     Сложное единое преступление охватывается признаками одного состава преступления и квалифицируется по одной статье Особенной части УК.

     Уголовному  кодексу известны следующие сложные  единичные преступления:

  1. составные;
  2. с альтернативно предусмотренными действиями;
  3. с альтернативными последствиями;
  4. с отдаленными последствиями (некоторые называют их с «дополнительными тяжкими последствиями»);
  5. с повторными действиями;
  6. длящиеся преступления;
  7. продолжаемые преступления.
    1. Составные – это преступления, состоящее из двух или нескольких самостоятельных преступлений, образующих единое преступление, ответственность за которое предусмотрена отдельной статьей УК.

     ст. 213 хулиганство – основной объект – общественный порядок.

     Дополнительный  обязательный объект – жизнь и  здоровье, поскольку общественный порядок  нарушается лицом с применением  оружия или предметов, используемых в качестве оружия.

     Ст.162 разбой: основной объект – собственность.

     Дополнительный  обязательный объект – здоровье (применение насилия, опасного для жизни и  здоровья).

     Все это охватывается одной статьей.

    1. Составы с альтернативными действиями – в одном преступлении предусмотрено, что оно может быть совершено одним из перечисленных в статье действий.

     ст.169 – неправомерный отказ в регистрации  индивидуального предпринимателя.

     - либо уклонение от  регистрации;

     - неправомерный отказ в выдаче  лицензии;

     - уклонение от выдачи лицензии.

    1. С альтернативными последствиями – в одном преступлении предусмотрено не одно последствие, а несколько; Для привлечения к уголовной ответственности, конечно же, достаточно одного  из них, например, ст.111 ч.1: причинение тяжкого вреда здоровью, которое повлекло потерю зрения, речи, слуха, утрату органа или его функции, прерывание беременности и т.д.
    2. с отдаленными последствиями – в результате умышленного преступления по неосторожности наступают дополнительные последствия. Таким преступлением является, например, умышленное причинение тяжкого вреда здоровью потерпевшего, по неосторожности повлекшее его смерть (ч.4 ст. 111 УК).
    3. преступления с повторными действиями.

     Ч.1 ст.151 – вовлечение несовершеннолетних в систематическое употребление спиртных напитков.

     Ч.1 ст.154 – незаконное усыновление –  действия, которые были осуществлены два или более раза.

    1. Длящееся преступление – это преступление, которое осуществляется в любую единицу времени, независимо от того, где преступник находится, и что он делает.

     Фактически  началом длящегося преступления является действие (побег из места  лишения свободы, захват заложника) либо бездействие (злостное уклонение  от погашения кредиторской задолженности, уклонение от отбывания лишения  свободы), так называемое юридическое окончание преступления1. Прекращается длящееся преступление в силу:

     а) действий самого виновного (явка с повинной, выполнение предписаний судебного  акта при злостном неисполнении судебного  решения);

     б) действий правоохранительных органов (задержание лица);

     в) иных обстоятельств, прекращающих выполнение преступления (достижение совершеннолетия, смерть).

     Прекращение преступления по указанным основаниям называется фактическим окончанием длящегося преступления.

    1. продолжаемое преступление – состоит из ряда тождественных деяний, осуществляемых через какой-то интервал времени, направленных к достижению одной цели, объединенных единым умыслом. Продолжаемое преступление следует отличать от длящегося: длящееся – выполняется непрерывно, а продолжаемое - состоит из нескольких действий тождественных, между которыми имеется разрыв во времени, но эти действия имеют единую цель и охватываются единым умыслом2.

     Независимо  от того, что деяние, входящее в продолжаемое преступление, содержит признаки самостоятельного преступления, квалифицировать отдельно такое деяние нельзя, поскольку оно является только этапом в реализации единого преступного умысла виновного. Примерами продолжаемого преступления могут быть кража вещей со склада, совершаемая в несколько приемов, но охватываемая одним умыслом лица. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

     
  1. Понятие и формы множественности. Отграничение множественности от сложного единичного преступления   

     Термин  «множественность преступлений» является научным и в настоящее время  неизвестен действующему уголовному законодательству. К множественности преступлений следует отнести случаи, когда лицом совершается два или более единичных преступлений. Множественность преступлений характеризуется совокупностью общественных признаков.

     Множественность преступлений – совершение одним и тем же лицом двух и более преступлений, если при этом не погашены юридические последствия ни за одно из них – т.е. не снята или не погашена судимость, лицо не было освобождено от уголовной ответственности ни за одно из этих преступлений.

     В уголовно правовой литературе высказываются различные мнения по поводу  видов (форм) множественности. Наиболее распространенная точка зрения: Исторически выделяли 3 формы: неоднократность, совокупность, рецидив (по мнению Якушина рецидив не относится к форме множественности, поскольку  он связан с наличием судимости), и есть еще повторность3.

     Данная  точка зрения  до последнего времени  была  отражена в УК РФ. В настоящее  время законодатель говорит только о двух формах множественности –  совокупности преступлений и рецидиве, поскольку неоднократность исключена и из Общей части УК РФ и из статей Особенной части, которые предусматривали ее в качестве квалифицирующих признаков.

     Множественность преступлений исключает для лица возможность некоторых видов  освобождения от уголовной ответственности, поскольку такое освобождение возможно только при совершении преступления впервые.

     Установление  формы множественности преступлений может влиять на назначение наказания, влечь иные уголовно-правовые последствия.

     Совокупность преступлений, как реальную, так и идеальную, следует отграничивать от составного единого преступления. Единое преступление с учтенной реальной совокупностью преступлений в действующем УК встречается в двух видах: 1) совершения преступления в отношении двух и более лиц, 2) совершения преступления, сопряженного с другим преступлением.

     Совершение  преступления в отношении двух и  более лиц как квалифицирующий  признак имеется в 15 составах (п. "а" ч. 2 ст. 105; ч. 2 ст. 107; ч. 3 ст. 109; п. "б" ч. 3 ст. 111; п. "а" ч. 2 ст. 112; п. "а" ч. 2 ст. 117; ч. 2 ст. 121; ч. 3 ст. 122; п. "ж" ч. 2 ст. 126; п. "ж" ч. 2 ст. 127; п. "а" ч. 2 ст. 127.1; п. "а" ч. 2 ст. 127.2; п. "ж" ч. 2 ст. 206; п. "в" ч. 2 ст. 230; п. "б" ч. 2 ст. 335 УК).

     В соответствии с новеллой, внесенной в ч. 1 ст. 17 УК, десять случаев основного состава торговли людьми (совершенных в разное время, каждый раз с новым умыслом) не образуют реальной совокупности преступлений. Эти преступления юридически означают наличие одного составного преступления, охватываемого квалифицирующим признаком торговли людьми, совершенной в отношении двух или более лиц. Все десять деяний необходимо квалифицировать как одну торговлю людьми, предусмотренную п. "а" ч. 2 ст. 127.1 УК.

     Реальной  совокупности нет и при совершении преступления, сопряженного с другим преступлением, что предусмотрено УК как квалифицирующий или конститутивный признак состава . В действующем УК имеется, например, норма об убийстве, сопряженном с другим преступлением (п. п. "в", "з" и "к" ч. 2 ст. 105 УК). Если после изнасилования потерпевшую убили из мести за оказанное сопротивление, то в совершенном нет двух преступлений: изнасилования (ст. 131 УК) и убийства (п. "к" ч. 2 ст. 105 УК), а имеется одно составное преступление: убийство, сопряженное с изнасилованием. Квалифицировать такое убийство следует только по п. "к" ч. 2 ст. 105 УК. 

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